The International Journal of Orthopedic and Orthodontic Research is committed to maintaining the highest standards of transparency and integrity in academic publishing. To uphold these standards, authors, reviewers, and editors involved in the publication process are required to disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the content or outcome of the manuscript.

For Authors:
Authors must disclose any financial, personal, or professional affiliations that could potentially affect the objectivity of their research. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Financial interests: Such as funding, grants, employment, stock ownership, royalties, or patents related to the research or its outcomes.
• Personal relationships: Any connections that might influence the interpretation or presentation of data.
• Professional affiliations: Including board memberships, consultancy roles, or advisory positions that could create a bias in the research.

All conflicts of interest should be declared during the submission process, and a clear statement regarding these conflicts must be included within the manuscript itself. If there are no conflicts to declare, authors should explicitly state: "The authors declare no conflict of interest."

For Reviewers:
Reviewers must disclose any conflicts of interest that could compromise their ability to provide an impartial assessment of the manuscript. This includes:

• Any direct or indirect financial or personal relationships with the authors.
• Collaboration or competitive research interests that could influence the review.
• Any affiliations with institutions or companies connected to the subject of the manuscript.

If a reviewer feels that their judgment may be affected, they should decline the review and inform the editorial team immediately.

For Editors:
Editors responsible for the decision-making process must also disclose any conflicts of interest. If an editor has any relationships, financial or otherwise, with the authors or entities connected to the manuscript, they must recuse themselves from handling the manuscript. The manuscript will then be reassigned to an impartial editor

Managing Conflicts of Interest:
In cases where a conflict of interest is identified, International Journal of Orthopedic and Orthodontic Research takes the following steps:

• Transparency: The conflict will be clearly stated in the final published article to ensure transparency.
• Alternative Handling: If necessary, manuscripts will be reassigned to avoid any bias in the review or editorial process.
• Ethical Review: The editorial board will assess any reported conflicts to ensure they are adequately addressed.

Failure to disclose a conflict of interest may result in the rejection or retraction of the manuscript. The International Journal of Orthopedic and Orthodontic Research is committed to maintaining the objectivity and credibility of all published work, and adhering to this policy is crucial to upholding those standards.

By ensuring full disclosure and transparency, the International Journal of Orthopedic and Orthodontic Research continues to promote ethical and unbiased research in the field of orthopedics and orthodontics.