Bone regeneration plays a critical role in both orthopedic and orthodontic applications but presents distinct biological, material, and clinical challenges across these fields. Orthopedic bone regeneration targets large segmental defects and musculoskeletal injuries, while orthodontics focuses on localized alveolar bone remodelling, commonly for tooth movement. This systematic review compares the principles, biomaterials, clinical protocols, and outcomes observed in both contexts, drawing on evidence from recent experimental and clinical studies. Findings indicate that although regenerative technologies overlap, their efficacy and indications vary with application-specific biological and mechanical requirements. Continued innovation and tailored protocols are necessary to optimize bone healing outcomes in diverse patient.