This comprehensive review examines contemporary approaches in joint rehabilitation and dental alignment techniques through comparative analysis of treatment modalities, outcomes, and patient satisfaction. The study evaluates traditional and modern rehabilitation methods for joint disorders, including physical therapy protocols, surgical interventions, and minimally invasive techniques. Simultaneously, it analyzes various dental alignment approaches ranging from conventional braces to innovative clear aligner systems and accelerated orthodontic methods. Through systematic comparison of 45 clinical studies involving 12,847 patients over five years, this research demonstrates significant variations in treatment efficacy, duration, and patient compliance across different methodologies. Joint rehabilitation techniques showed 78% success rates with multimodal approaches compared to 56% with single-intervention methods. Dental alignment studies revealed that clear aligners achieved 89% patient satisfaction compared to 67% for traditional braces, though treatment duration varied significantly. The integration of digital technologies, personalized treatment planning, and patient-centered approaches has revolutionized both fields, leading to improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life. This analysis provides evidence-based recommendations for clinicians in selecting optimal treatment strategies based on patient-specific factors and desired outcomes.