Background: Class II malocclusion represents one of the most prevalent orthodontic anomalies, affecting approximately 20-30% of the global population. The relationship between malocclusion and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) has been extensively debated in orthodontic literature.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between Class II malocclusion and the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders, analyzing the biomechanical factors contributing to TMD development.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted involving 485 patients aged 12-45 years. Participants were divided into two groups: Class II malocclusion patients (n=245) and normal occlusion controls (n=240). Clinical examinations included cephalometric analysis, TMJ imaging, and comprehensive TMD symptom assessment using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD).
Results: Class II malocclusion patients demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of TMD symptoms (68.2%) compared to the control group (23.8%, p<0.001). Muscle pain was the most common symptom (45.3%), followed by joint clicking (38.7%) and limited mouth opening (22.4%). Severe Class II cases (ANB >7°) showed the strongest correlation with TMD development.
Conclusion: A significant positive correlation exists between Class II malocclusion and temporomandibular joint disorders, with biomechanical alterations in jaw positioning contributing to increased TMD susceptibility.